If you'd like to apply this logic per specific rules, please navigate to the configuration of the cart price rule and configure the Skip Items with setting in the needed way.
Select the Special Price (incl. Catalog Price Rules) option, if you don't want to apply the discount of this cart price rule to the products with Special Price. Items with Special Price from the Catalog Price Rules will be skipped as well.
The result from the above rule is the following: the product that has been discounted by the Catalog Price Rule (Push It Messenger Bag) is skipped. A 10% discount is applied to the other product (Clamber Watch) exclusively.
You can also select the Cart Price Rules Discount option, if you’d like to limit the influence of this rule on those products that have been already discounted by other Cart Price Rules.