Using One Registration Key on Staging and Production

Do I need to create separate projects for my live and dev Magento instances?

If your production (live) and staging (development, testing, etc.) Magento instances are for the same store, then the same Instance Registration Key can be added to both of them. Having one License Registration project is sufficient, and you don't need to create separate projects for your live and dev sites.

The only difference between these instances is the state of the Production Environment setting that you need to configure at Amasty > Products: Yes should be set if Magento instance is live, and No should be set if the instance is used for development/testing purposes: